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Zoology
: Entrance Exam Study Material
Part 1
UNIT 1. BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity Explanation and Biodiversity in India -- - - Key Answer
Taxonomic systems -- - - Key
Answer
Introduction to taxa and species -- - - Key Answer
Phenetic method or Numerical taxonomy and Cytotaxonomy and
Chemotaxonomy and Palaeotaxonomy Explaination -- - - Key Answer
Nomenclature methods and Basic principles of nomenclature and
Identification keys -- - - Key Answer
Methods of grouping animals -- - - Key Answer
Phylum : Protozoa, Porifera and Coelenterata or Cnidaria -- - - Key Answer
Phylum: Platyhelminthes -- - - Key Answer
Phylum : Nematoda and Annelida -- - - Key Answer
Phylum : Arthropoda -- - - Key Answer
Phylum Mollusca and Phylum Echinodermata -- - - Key Answer
Phylum Chordata and Diversity and General Characters of Chordates -- - - Key Answer
Classification of Phylum Chordata -- - - Key Answer
Sub phylum : Vertebrata (Craniata) and Classification of
Vertebrata - Class : Pisces and Tetrapoda -- - - Key Answer
Class : Amphibia - sub phylum Tetrapoda -- - - Key Answer
Class : Amniota - Reptilia - sub phylum - Tetrapoda -- - - Key Answer
Class : Aves - sub phylum - Tetrapoda -- - - Key Answer
Class : Mammalia - Reptilia - sub phylum - Tetrapoda -- - - Key Answer
Monotremata, Marsupialia and Placentalia –Classification of
Class : Mammalia - Reptilia - sub phylum – Tetrapoda -- - - Key Answer
Scientific Names of Animals -- - - Key Answer
Plasmodium -- - - Key
Answer
Life cycle in the mosquito - sporogony -- - - Key Answer
Control of Malaria -- - - Key
Answer
Types of Malaria -- - - Key
Answer
Earthworm - External features , External apertures -- - - Key Answer
Earthworm - Body wall ,Body Cavity,Locomotion -- - - Key Answer
Earthworm - Digestive System, Feeding -- - - Key Answer
Earthworm - Circulatory System -- - - Key Answer
Earthworm - Excretory Systemk -- - - Key Answer
Earthworm - Excretory System -- - - Key Answer
Earthworm - Nervous System -- - - Key Answer
Earthworm - Reproductive System -- - - Key Answer
Pigeon - External features -- - - Key Answer
Pigeon - The wings -- - - Key
Answer
Pigeon - Exoskeleton : Quill feather -- - - Key Answer
Pigeon – Endoskeleton : Flight muscles, Pectoralis major,
Pectoralis minor or subclavius, Coracobrachialis -- - - Key Answer
Pigeon – Digestive system -- - - Key Answer
Pigeon - Respiratory System -- - - Key Answer
Pigeon - Circulatory system and Venous system -- - - Key Answer
Nervous system and Sense organ of Pigeon -- - - Key Answer
Pigeon - Urinogenital system and Male, Female reproductive organs -- - - Key Answer
UNIT 2. CELL BIOLOGY
Cell
Biology -- - - Key
Answer
Microscopy and Anton van Leeuwenhoek simple microscope -- - - Key Answer
Compound light, Dark field, Phase contrast, Oil – immersion and
Electron microscope -- - - Key Answer
Cytological Techniques -- - - Key Answer
Plasma Membrane -- - - Key
Answer
Mitochondria -- - - Key
Answer
Ribosomes -- - - Key
Answer
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum -- - - Key Answer
Golgi apparatus -- - - Key
Answer
Lysosomes -- - - Key
Answer
Centrioles -- - - Key
Answer
Animal Nucleus or Human Nucleus -- - - Key Answer
Chromosomes of Animal Nucleus or Human Nucleus -- - - Key Answer
Cancer biology -- - - Key
Answer
Molecular biology of cancer -- - - Key Answer
Types of cancer and factor causes cancer -- - - Key Answer
Cancer and death -- - - Key
Answer
Management of cancer : Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy -- - - Key Answer
UNIT 3. HUMAN ANATOMY
History of Human anatomy -- - - Key Answer
The Integumentary System - Skin and hypodermis -- - - Key Answer
The Integumentary System - hypodermis, Epidermis, Callus, Skin
color, Hair, glands, Nails -- - - Key Answer
Human Skeletal System -- - - Key Answer
Structure of a typical long bone -- - - Key Answer
Skull - Human Skeletal system -- - - Key Answer
Vertebrae - Human Skeletal system -- - - Key Answer
Rib cage - Human Skeletal system -- - - Key Answer
Appendicular skeleton - Pectoral girdle, Pectoral girdle, Pelvic
girdle or pelvis, Wrist, Hand, Leg, Ankle, Foot, Kinds of joints, Fibrous
joints, Cartilaginous joints, Synovial joints -- - - Key Answer
Human Muscular System and Types of Muscular System -- - - Key Answer
Skeletal muscles - Human Muscular System -- - - Key Answer
Shapes of muscles and Naming of muscles - Human Muscular System -- - - Key Answer
Distribution of human muscles - Muscles of the human head, Muscles
of the Neck region, Muscles of the Trunk region, Muscles of the upper limb,
Muscles of the lower limb -- - - Key Answer
Human Entire Digestive system process with diagram - Mouth or
Buccal cavity, Tongue, Teeth, Salivary glands, Pharynx, Stomach, Small
intestine, Duodenum, Jejunum and ileum, Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas, Caecum,
Colon, Rectum, Anal canal -- - - Key Answer
Human Respiratory system with diagram - Nasal cavity, Pharynx,
Larynx, Trachea, Lungs, Thoracic wall and muscles of respirations -- - - Key Answer
The Human Circulatory System - Systemic and Pulmonary circulations
- Pulmonary circulation, Systemic circulation, Portal circulation -- - - Key Answer
Components of Human Circulatory system : Blood vessels, Types of
blood vessels, The Heart -- - - Key Answer
The Human Heart structure with diagram -- - - Key Answer
Human Lymphatic system - Lymphoid cells and tissues, Thymus, Lymph
nodes, Spleen, Tonsils, The lymphatic circulation -- - - Key Answer
The structure of a peripheral nerve : Central nervous system (C N
S) Peripheral nervous system Autonomous nervous system , brain -- - - Key Answer
Human Brain : Prosencephalon (Fore brain), Mesencephalon (mid
brain), Rhombencephalon (hind brain), Brain stem, Pachymenix, Leptomeninges -- - - Key Answer
The Eye - Sensory Organ -- - - Key Answer
Ears (The organs of hearing) - The Sensory Organ -- - - Key Answer
Endocrine system and glands : Pituitary gland (or) Hypophysis,
thyroid, parathy roids, pancreas, adrenals, testes and ovaries -- - - Key Answer
Urinary system : kidneys (renes), ureters, the uri-nary bladder
(vesica urinaria) and the urethra -- - - Key Answer
Male reproductive organs -- - - Key Answer
Female reproductive organs -- - - Key Answer
UNIT 4. GENETICS
GENETICS -- - - Key
Answer
Quantitive inheritance - GENETICS -- - - Key Answer
Genetics : Sex determination in Human beings -- - - Key Answer
Male haploidy or Haplo-diploidy mechanism -- - - Key Answer
Genetics : Sex - linked Inheritance -- - - Key Answer
Genetics : Pleiotropy -- - - Key Answer
UNIT 5. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
-- - - Key Answer
Types of eggs -- - - Key
Answer
Cleavage and types - Frog’s egg -- - - Key Answer
Gastrulation in frog embryo -- - - Key Answer
Organogenesis of Frog -- - - Key Answer
UNIT 6. ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY
Corals - reef builders - ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY -- - - Key Answer
Earthworm - Vermiculture -- - - Key Answer
Uses and types of Beneficial Insects : Productive Insects - Honey
bee, Silk worms, Lac insects. Helpful Insects : Insect - Predators -- - - Key Answer
Prawns, Lobsters and Crabs - ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY -- - - Key Answer
Pearl Oyster -- - - Key
Answer
Fishes - Nutritive value -- - - Key Answer
Guano (Bird excreta) -- - - Key Answer
Aquarium - Setting up an aquarium tank -- - - Key Answer
Vivarium ( Zoo ) and List of important Zoos -- - - Key Answer
Disease causing organisms – Vectors : Housefly - Musca
domestica, Sand flies - Phlebotomus papatasi, Rat fleas - Xenopsylla cheopis,
The human louse - Pediculus humanus, Mosquitoes : Anopheles, Culex, Aedes sp -- - -Key Answer
Poisonous Organisms : Physalia, Scorpion, Centipede, Honey bees
and Wasps, Poisonous fishes, Poisonous snakes-- - - Key Answer
Poisonous snakes : Cobra, Krait, Vipers, Sea Snakes and Poison
Apparatus of a Snake -- - - Key Answer
Fouling Organisms -- - - Key
Answer
Pests - Pests of Crops : Cotton, Paddy, Sugarcane, Vegetables,
Coconut palm, Stored grains, household goods -- - - Key Answer
UNIT 7. ORIGIN OF LIFE
ORIGIN OF LIFE - Theories -- - - Key Answer
Geological time scale : Palaeozoic era, Mesozoic era, Cenozoic era -- - - Key Answer
Fossils : Fossilization, Evolutionary significance of fossils,
List of Important fossils -- - - Key Answer
Extinct animals-mass extinction : Causes and Pattern of
extiniction -- - - Key Answer
Part 2
UNIT 1. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Nutrition : Carbohydrates (Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones.),
Proteins(Polypeptides), Lipids, Vitamins --
- - Key Answer
Carbohydrates (Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones.) --
- - Key Answer
Proteins(Polypeptides) --
- - Key Answer
Lipids --
- - Key Answer
Vitamins : functions of vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency Ailments --
- - Key Answer
Minerals, Water, Balanced diet, Calorie values, Obesity --
- - Key Answer
The digestive system and The process of digestion --
- - Key Answer
Dental Caries (Tooth decay) : Symptoms, Root Canal Treatment --
- - Key Answer
Peptic ulcer and Hernia : Causes of Peptic ulcer and Types of
Hernia -- - - Key Answer
Appendicitis, Gall Stones, Hepatitis, Hernia, Peptic ulcer --
- - Key Answer
Types of fractures, Mechanism of fracture, Healing of Bones in
fracture, Dislocation of joints, Physiotherapy and rehabilitation, Arthiritis ,
Orthopedics, Rickets and steomalacia --
- - Key Answer
Structure of a skeletal muscle, sarcomere --
- - Key Answer
Mechanism and Types of muscle contraction --
- - Key Answer
Benefits of aerobic exercise --
- - Key Answer
Myasthenia Gravis Muscle Disease --
- - Key Answer
Process of pulmonary respiration --
- - Key Answer
Mechanism of Human Breathing : Expiration , Inspiration --
- - Key Answer
Gaseous exchange in the alveoli --
- - Key Answer
Herring - Breuer reflex --
- - Key Answer
Lungs Disease : Tuberculosis (TB), Herring - Breuer reflex, Acute and Chronic Bronchitis --
- - Key Answer
Human Circulatory System : Functioning of Human heart --
- - Key Answer
Myocardial infarction : Symptoms, Causes, Risk factors --
- - Key Answer
Angina pectoris -- - - Key Answer
Angiogram : Coronary Angiography and Coronary Angioplasty --
- - Key Answer
Atherosclerosis, Heart block, Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) --
- - Key Answer
ICCU - (Intensive Coronary Care Unit) --
- - Key Answer
Blood Pressure : Intensive of hypertension --
- - Key Answer
Composition of plasma : Components with Functions --
- - Key Answer
Types of blood cells or corpuscles --
- - Key Answer
Human Nervous system --
- - Key Answer
Human brain -- - - Key Answer
Types of memory -- - - Key Answer
Types of sleep -- - - Key Answer
Human Brain Stroke and Brain haemorrhage --
- - Key Answer
Alzheimer?s Disease, Meningitis (Brain fever), Conditioned reflex --
- - Key Answer
Right and Left Human brain concept --
- - Key Answer
Spinal cord functioning --
- - Key Answer
Functions of Endocrine glands --
- - Key Answer
Pituitary gland and The hormones of anterior pituitary --
- - Key Answer
Thyroid gland and thyroxine --
- - Key Answer
Human Insulin -- - - Key Answer
Human Glucagon -- - - Key Answer
Gonads : Testis and Overies --
- - Key Answer
Focusing Mechanism in the Human Eye --
- - Key Answer
Human eye : Errors of refraction --
- - Key Answer
Retinopathy - Human Eye Disease --
- - Key Answer
Human Eye : Cataract, Lens Replacement --
- - Key Answer
Human Eye : Glaucoma, Nyctalopia Disorder, Infections, Symptoms,
Treatment -- - - Key Answer
EAR - Some Information --
- - Key Answer
Mechanism of hearing - Human Ear --
- - Key Answer
Defects of the Human ear --
- - Key Answer
Human Hearing Aid -- - - Key Answer
Noise pollution -- - - Key Answer
Human Skin and Functions of skin --
- - Key Answer
Functions of Human Skin Melanin --
- - Key Answer
Human Skin grafting and Dermatitis --
- - Key Answer
Human Tongue and Mechanism of Stimulation --
- - Key Answer
Human Excretion -- - - Key Answer
Human Excretion : tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion --
- - Key Answer
Renal Failure, Dialysis and Kidney Machines --
- - Key Answer
Human Kidney stone (Calculus) And Kidney transplantation --
- - Key Answer
Diabetes mellitus : Symptoms, Causes, prevention --
- - Key Answer
Functioning of male reproductive system --
- - Key Answer
Functioning of female reproductive system --
- - Key Answer
Female Menstrual cycle - 28 days --
- - Key Answer
In vitro fertilization (Test tube babies) and Birth control --
- - Key Answer
Contraception - Methods to prevention of pregnancy --
- - Key Answer
UNIT 2. MICROBIOLOGY
History of Medical microbiology --
- - Key Answer
Structure of Viruses And Viral genetics --
- - Key Answer
Viral Diseases -- - - Key Answer
Cultivation (culture) of Animal viruses --
- - Key Answer
Bacterial structure And Culture --
- - Key Answer
Bacterial Genetics --
- - Key Answer
Bacterial Diseases --
- - Key Answer
Protozoan microbiology --
- - Key Answer
Larval microbiology --
- - Key Answer
AIDS (HIV) Structure, its control, Pathogenesis, Symptoms,
Diagnosis, Control and Management --
- - Key Answer
UNIT 3. IMMUNOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY : Innate Immunity (Non-specific) And Acquired Immunity
(Specific immunity) -- - - Key Answer
Primary Lymphoid Organ Thymus --
- - Key Answer
Peripheral Lymphoid Organs : Lymph nodes, Spleen --
- - Key Answer
Secondary Lymphoid Organs : Mucosa associated lymphoid tissues
(MALT) -- - - Key Answer
Antibodies - Immunoglobulins, Region of polypeptide chains,
Transplantation immunology -- - - Key Answer
Classification of grafts --
- - Key Answer
Immune system disorders --
- - Key Answer
UNIT 4. MODERN GENETICS
Human Genetics - Karyotyping --
- - Key Answer
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology) --
- - Key Answer
Genetic Diseases -- - - Key Answer
Human Genome Project (HGP) --
- - Key Answer
Cloning : Differentiation, Cloning of Sheep (Mechanism), Ethical
Issues, Merits and Demerits of cloning --
- - Key Answer
Transgenic organisms : Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) --
- - Key Answer
Gene therapy -- - - Key Answer
Bioinformatics : Definition, History, Applications --
- - Key Answer
Scope of Genetic Engineering And Bioinformatics --
- - Key Answer
Nucleic acid, Protein sequence databases And Genome sequencing,
DNA library -- - - Key Answer
Protein Structure, Protein Model And Uses --
- - Key Answer
Human population and explosion - Issues --
- - Key Answer
UNIT 5. ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE
Reasons for the Explosion. Impacts Of Growing Population and
Environmental -- - - Key Answer
Global warming : Green house effect --
- - Key Answer
Types of Greenhouse Gases --
- - Key Answer
Effects of Global warming --
- - Key Answer
Ozone layer depletion : Ozone hole, Preventing And Effect of Ozone
depletions -- - - Key Answer
Waste management -- - - Key Answer
Waste management : Classification of wastes --
- - Key Answer
Management of hazardous wastes --
- - Key Answer
Management of non-hazardous wastes- Solid Waste Management --
- - Key Answer
Biodiversity conservation (Biosphere reserves) Government and non
Governmental organizations -- - -Key Answer
Energy crisis and its environmental impact --
- - Key Answer
Steps to be taken to resolve energy crisis --
- - Key Answer
Environmental impacts : Thermal, Hydel, Nuclear Power, Solar
energy, Fossil fuels -- - - Key Answer
Poverty and Environmental : issues, alleviation --
- - Key Answer
Fresh water crisis and management --
- - Key Answer
Freshwater resources --
- - Key Answer
Freshwater shortages --
- - Key Answer
Freshwater Management --
- - Key Answer
UNIT 6. APPLIED BIOLOGY
Important cattle breeds and their characteristics --
- - Key Answer
cattle breeds : Milch breeds (or) Dairy breeds, Dual purpose
breeds, Draught breeds -- - - Key Answer
Milch breeds (or) Dairy Cattle breeds : Sindhi (Red Sindhi, Red
Karachi), Gir (Kathiawarhi, Surti) --
- - Key Answer
Dual purpose Cattle breeds - Ongole : Nellore --
- - Key Answer
Draught Cattle breeds : Kangayam, Hallikar, Jersey --
- - Key Answer
Common diseases and control for Cattle --
- - Key Answer
Poultry Breeds -- - - Key Answer
Poultry Farming methods --
- - Key Answer
Factors involved in brooding --
- - Key Answer
Pisciculture : Characters of cultivable fish --
- - Key Answer
Fish Pond : Types and Preparation of pond, Management and Feeding --
- - Key Answer
Edible Fishes Of Tamilnadu (India) --
- - Key Answer
Stethoscope and Uses of Stethoscope --
- - Key Answer
Sphygmomanometer -- - - Key Answer
Haemocytometer -- - - Key Answer
Urine - Sugar analysis --
- - Key Answer
ECG-Electrocardiogram --
- - Key Answer
Computed Tomography (CT)(OR) Computerized axial tomography (CAT) -
Advantages and Uses -- - - Key Answer
Types of Endoscopy --
- - Key Answer
Artificial Pacemaker And Autoanalyser --
- - Key Answer
UNIT 7. THEORIES OF
EVOLUTION
THEORIES OF EVOLUTION : Lamarckism --
- - Key Answer
THEORIES OF EVOLUTION : Neo-lamarckism --
- - Key Answer
THEORIES OF EVOLUTION : Darwinism --
- - Key Answer
Modern concept of Natural Selection (or) Modern synthetic theory
of Evolution -- - - Key Answer
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